Bursitis

You might have bursitis if 1 of your joints is:

• painful – usually a dull, achy pain
• tender or warmer than surrounding skin
• swollen
• more painful when you move it or press on it

The area may also be red. This can be harder to see on brown or black skin.

Bursitis can affect any joint, but it's most common in the shoulders, hips, elbows or knees.

If you have bursitis, to help bring down swelling and pain you can:

• rest – try not to move the joint too much and avoid activities that put pressure on it
• use ice – gently hold an ice pack (or a bag of frozen peas) wrapped in a tea towel on the area for around 10 minutes at a time and repeat every few hours during the day
• take painkillers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, to ease any pain

It may also help to put extra cushions around the affected joint while you sleep, to help protect and support it.

• your bursitis symptoms have not improved or are getting worse after treating it yourself for 1 to 2 weeks
• you have a high temperature, or you feel hot, cold or shivery
• you cannot move the affected joint
• you have very severe, sharp or shooting pains in the joint

A GP will examine the affected joint to check for bursitis.

They may take a sample of fluid from the joint using a needle (aspiration).

This will be sent off to test for an infection and conditions such as gout.

The aspiration may also help your symptoms. It might be done in your GP surgery or you may be referred to the hospital.

You may also have other tests such as a blood test or a scan.

Treatments you may have for bursitis include:

• antibiotics – usually taken for at least 7 days if bursitis is caused by an infection
• a steroid injection given into the affected joint to reduce the swelling – this will not be done if bursitis is caused by an infection
• taking fluid from the joint using a needle (aspiration) to ease symptoms

If bursitis is severe or keeps coming back, the inflamed bursa may need to be surgically drained or even removed (but this is rare).

There are some things you can do to help stop bursitis coming back.

• maintain a healthy weight – being overweight puts more pressure on your joints

• clean any cuts on the joints to prevent infections

• warm up properly before exercising and playing sport

• use padding when putting a lot of pressure on joints (for example, when kneeling)

• take regular breaks if you do things that put pressure on a joint, like kneeling

• do not knock or bang your joints

Symptoms of bursitis include joint pain and swelling, and warm skin on or around the joint.

You can treat bursitis yourself by resting the joint, holding an ice pack on the area for 10 minutes every few hours and taking painkillers.

Treatments for bursitis include antibiotics or a steroid injection. Rarely, you may have surgery to drain or remove the inflamed bursa.

To help prevent bursitis, stick to a healthy weight, warm up properly before exercise, and avoid knocking or banging your joints.